GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991

GNU 通用公共许可证
第 2 版，1991 年 6 月

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA

版权所有 (C) 1989、1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, 美国

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

每个人都可以复制和分发逐字副本许可文件，但不允许更改。

Preamble – 前言

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software–to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation’s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

大多数软件的许可证旨在剥夺您共享和更改它的自由。 相比之下，GNU 通用公共许可证旨在保证您共享和更改自由软件的自由——确保该软件对其所有用户都是免费的。 本通用公共许可证适用于大多数自由软件基金会的软件以及作者承诺使用它的任何其他程序。 （一些其他的 Free Software Foundation 软件由 GNU Lesser General Public License 覆盖。）您也可以将它应用到您的程序中。

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

当我们谈到自由软件时，我们指的是自由，而不是价格。 我们的通用公共许可证旨在确保您可以自由分发免费软件的副本（如果您愿意，也可以为此服务收费）、您收到源代码或如果需要可以得到它、您可以更改软件或在新的免费程序中使用它的一部分； 而且你知道你可以做这些事情。

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

为了保护您的权利，我们需要做出限制，禁止任何人拒绝您这些权利或要求您放弃这些权利。 如果您分发软件的副本或修改软件，这些限制将转化为您的某些责任。

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

例如，如果您分发此类程序的副本，无论是免费还是收费，您都必须向接收者授予您拥有的所有权利。 您必须确保他们也收到或可以获得源代码。 您必须向他们展示这些条款，以便他们了解自己的权利。

We protect your rights with two steps:

我们通过两个步骤保护您的权利：

(1) copyright the software, and

(1) 软件版权，以及

(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

(2) 向您提供此许可，该许可授予您复制、分发和/或修改软件的合法许可。

Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors’ reputations.

此外，为了保护每位作者和我们自己，我们希望确保每个人都了解此免费软件不提供任何保证。 如果软件被其他人修改并传播出去，我们希望它的接收者知道他们拥有的不是原始软件，这样其他人引入的任何问题都不会影响原始作者的声誉。

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone’s free use or not licensed at all.

最后，任何免费程序都不断受到软件专利的威胁。 我们希望避免这样的危险，即自由程序的再分发者将单独获得专利许可，实际上使该程序专有。 为了防止这种情况，我们已经明确表示，任何专利都必须获得许可供所有人免费使用，或者根本不获得许可。

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

复制、分发和修改的准确条款和条件如下。
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

复制、分发和修改的条款和条件

0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The “Program”, below, refers to any such program or work, and a “work based on the Program” means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”.

0. 本许可适用于任何程序或其他作品，其中包含版权持有者发出的声明，声明其可以根据本通用公共许可的条款进行分发。 下面的“程序”是指任何此类程序或作品，“基于程序的作品”是指程序或版权法规定的任何衍生作品：也就是说，包含程序或部分程序的作品 它，无论是逐字记录还是经过修改和/或翻译成另一种语言。 （在下文中，翻译包括但不限于术语“修改”。）每个被许可人都被称为“您”。

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

本许可证不包括复制、分发和修改以外的活动； 它们不在其范围内。 运行该程序的行为不受限制，并且仅当其内容构成基于该程序的作品（独立于通过运行该程序制作）时，该程序的输出才包含在内。 这是否属实取决于程序的作用。

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

1. 您可以在任何媒体上复制和分发您收到的程序源代码的逐字副本，前提是您在每个副本上显着且适当地发布适当的版权声明和免责声明； 保持所有涉及本许可和不存在任何保证的通知； 将本许可证的副本连同本程序一起提供给本程序的任何其他接收者。

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

您可以对传输副本的实际行为收取费用，并且您可以选择提供保修保护以换取费用。

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
   a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
   b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
   c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

2. 您可以修改您的程序副本或程序的任何部分，从而形成基于程序的作品，并根据上述第 1 节的条款复制和分发此类修改或作品，前提是您还满足所有这些条件 :
   a) 您必须使修改后的文件带有醒目的通知，说明您更改了文件和任何更改的日期。
   b) 您必须使您分发或发布的任何作品，无论是全部还是在 部分包含本程序或其任何部分或源自本程序或其任何部分，根据本许可的条款，作为一个整体免费许可给所有第三方。
   c) 如果修改后的程序在运行时通常以交互方式读取命令，您 必须使其在开始以最普通的方式运行此类交互式用途时打印或显示公告，其中包括适当的版权声明和不提供保证（或者说您提供保证）的通知，并且用户 可以在这些条件下重新分发程序，并告诉用户如何查看本许可证的副本。 （例外：如果本程序本身是交互式的但通常不会打印此类公告，则您基于本程序的工作不需要打印公告。）

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

这些要求适用于整个修改后的作品。 如果该作品的可识别部分不是源自本程序，并且可以合理地认为它们本身是独立和独立的作品，那么当您将它们作为独立作品分发时，本许可及其条款不适用于这些部分。 但是，当您将相同部分作为基于本程序的作品的整体的一部分进行分发时，整体的分发必须遵守本许可的条款，其他被许可人的许可扩展到整个整体，从而扩展到每个 和每一部分，不管是谁写的。

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

因此，本节的目的不是要求权利或质疑您对完全由您编写的作品的权利； 相反，目的是行使控制基于本程序的衍生作品或集体作品的分发的权利。

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

此外，仅将不基于本程序的另一作品与本程序（或基于本程序的作品）聚合在存储或分发介质的卷上不会使其他作品处于本许可证的范围内。

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
   a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
   b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
   c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

3. 您可以根据上述第 1 节和第 2 节的条款以目标代码或可执行形式复制和分发程序（或基于它的作品，根据第 2 节），前提是您还执行以下操作之一：
   a) 伴随 它具有完整的相应机器可读源代码，必须根据上述第 1 节和第 2 节的条款在通常用于软件交换的介质上分发； 或者，
   b) 随附一份至少三年有效的书面报价，以不超过您实际执行源代码分发成本的费用向任何第三方提供相应的完整机器可读副本 源代码，根据上述第 1 节和第 2 节的条款在通常用于软件交换的介质上分发； 或者，
   c) 随附您收到的有关分发相应源代码的要约的信息。 （此替代方案仅适用于非商业分发，并且仅当您根据上述 b 小节收到带有此类要约的目标代码或可执行形式的程序时。）

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

作品的源代码是指对作品进行修改的首选形式。 对于可执行作品，完整的源代码是指它包含的所有模块的所有源代码，加上任何相关的接口定义文件，加上用于控制可执行文件的编译和安装的脚本。 然而，作为一个特殊的例外，分发的源代码不需要包括任何正常分发的（以源代码或二进制形式）与可执行文件运行的操作系统的主要组件（编译器、内核等）， 除非该组件本身伴随着可执行文件。

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

如果可执行代码或目标代码的分发是通过提供从指定位置访问副本的方式进行的，那么提供从同一位置复制源代码的等效访问权限也算作源代码的分发，即使第三方没有被迫复制 源代码以及目标代码。

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

4. 除非本许可明确规定，否则您不得复制、修改、再许可或分发程序。 任何以其他方式复制、修改、再许可或分发程序的尝试都是无效的，并将自动终止您在本许可下的权利。 但是，根据本许可从您那里收到副本或权利的各方只要保持完全合规，其许可就不会被终止。

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

5. 您无需接受此许可，因为您尚未签署。 但是，除此之外，您无权修改或分发本程序或其衍生作品。 如果您不接受本许可，这些行为将被法律禁止。 因此，通过修改或分发本程序（或基于本程序的任何作品），您表示您接受此许可以及复制、分发或修改本程序或基于本程序的作品的所有条款和条件。

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients’ exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

6. 每次您重新分发本程序（或基于本程序的任何作品）时，接收者会自动从原始许可方获得许可，以根据这些条款和条件复制、分发或修改本程序。 您不得对接收方行使此处授予的权利施加任何进一步限制。 您不负责强制第三方遵守本许可。

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

7. 如果由于法院判决或专利侵权指控或任何其他原因（不限于专利问题），对您施加的条件（无论是通过法院命令、协议还是其他方式）与本许可的条件相抵触， 他们不会为您免除本许可的条件。 如果您不能分发以同时满足您在本许可下的义务和任何其他相关义务，那么您可能根本不会分发该程序。 例如，如果专利许可不允许所有直接或间接通过您接收副本的人免版税再分发程序，那么您同时满足它和本许可的唯一方法是完全避免分发程序。

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.

如果本节的任何部分在任何特定情况下被认定为无效或不可执行，则该节的其余部分将适用，而该节作为一个整体将适用于其他情况。

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

本节的目的不是诱使您侵犯任何专利或其他财产权利主张或质疑任何此类主张的有效性； 本节的唯一目的是保护由公共许可实践实施的自由软件分发系统的完整性。 许多人依靠该系统的一致应用程序，为通过该系统分发的各种软件做出了慷慨的贡献； 由作者/捐赠者决定他或她是否愿意通过任何其他系统分发软件，被许可人不能强加这种选择。

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

本节旨在彻底阐明什么被认为是本许可其余部分的结果。

8. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

8. 如果本程序的分发和/或使用在某些国家受到专利或受版权保护的接口的限制，则将本程序置于本许可证下的原始版权所有者可以添加明确的地理分发限制，排除这些国家，以便允许分发 仅在未因此被排除在外的国家内或国家之间。 在这种情况下，本许可包含限制，就好像写在本许可的正文中一样。

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

9. 自由软件基金会可能会不时发布通用公共许可证的修订版和/或新版。 这些新版本在精神上与当前版本相似，但在解决新问题或疑虑的细节上可能有所不同。

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and “any later version”, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

每一个版本都有不同的版本号。 如果本程序指定了适用于它的本许可证的版本号和“任何更新版本”，您可以选择遵循该版本或自由软件基金会发布的任何更新版本的条款和条件。 如果本程序未指定本许可证的版本号，您可以选择自由软件基金会发布的任何版本。

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

10. 如果您希望将本程序的某些部分合并到其他分发条件不同的免费程序中，请写信给作者请求许可。 对于自由软件基金会拥有版权的软件，写信给自由软件基金会； 我们有时会为此破例。 我们的决定将以维护我们免费软件的所有衍生产品的免费状态和促进软件的共享和再利用这两个目标为指导。

NO WARRANTY – 没有保修

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

11. 由于本程序是免费许可的，因此在适用法律允许的范围内，不对本程序提供任何保证。 除非版权所有者和/或其他方以书面形式另有说明，否则“按原样”提供程序，不提供任何明示或暗示的保证，包括但不限于对适销性和特定用途适用性的暗示保证 . 关于程序质量和性能的全部风险由您承担。 如果程序被证明有缺陷，您将承担所有必要的服务、维修或更正的费用。

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

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